Organizational behavior and hrm question paper solution 2080 with answers
11. Explain in brief the major contributing disciplines to the field of organizational behavior.
Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of how individuals, groups, and structures influence behavior within an organization. It draws knowledge from several disciplines to understand, predict, and manage human behavior effectively. These contributing disciplines provide insights into motivation, culture, leadership, decision-making, and overall organizational effectiveness. A brief explanation of the major contributing disciplines to organizational behavior (OB):
A. Psychology
Psychology studies the behavior of individuals and the mental processes behind it. In OB, it helps managers understand how employees think, feel, and behave in the workplace. Concepts like motivation, learning, personality, perception, and attitudes come from psychology. For example, understanding what motivates employees can improve productivity. Psychological principles are also used in training, performance appraisal, and employee counseling. It helps in predicting how employees might react to changes or stress. Overall, psychology provides tools to manage individuals effectively.
B. Sociology
Sociology focuses on how people behave in groups and social settings. In OB, it helps understand team behavior, organizational structure, and culture. It studies social roles, norms, values, and group dynamics within organizations. For example, sociology explains why certain informal groups influence decision-making. It also examines communication patterns and social networks in the workplace. Understanding sociology helps managers improve collaboration and reduce conflicts. Essentially, it provides insights into collective behavior in organizations.
C. Anthropology
Anthropology studies human societies, culture, and customs. In OB, it helps understand organizational culture and how people adapt to workplace environments. It examines rituals, traditions, and shared beliefs that influence behavior. For example, an employee from one culture may behave differently in a multinational company due to cultural differences. Anthropology helps managers create policies that respect diversity and inclusion. It also helps in designing workspaces and practices that align with human needs. Overall, it provides a broader perspective on human behavior in organizations.
D. Political Science
Political science studies power, authority, and influence in societies. In OB, it helps understand organizational politics, power struggles, and decision-making processes. It examines how leaders gain and maintain power and how influence affects employee behavior. For example, office politics can impact promotions or resource allocation. Understanding political dynamics helps managers handle conflicts and negotiations effectively. It also aids in creating fair policies and promoting ethical leadership. Essentially, it provides insights into influence and governance in organizations.
E. Economics
Economics studies how resources are produced, distributed, and consumed. In OB, it helps understand decision-making, incentives, and resource allocation in organizations. It explains how employees respond to rewards, salaries, and benefits. For example, economic principles guide compensation plans to motivate performance. It also helps in forecasting costs, productivity, and efficiency. Economics provides a basis for understanding organizational behavior in competitive and market-driven environments. Overall, it links individual behavior to organizational and financial outcomes.
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